Q. 1. How many Popes were secular Franciscans and who were they?

A. 1. Only two Popes were secular Franciscans. They were Saint Pius X and Blessed John XXIII.

[Footnote]: According to Dr. Janice Novello, OFS, the list provided on other websites such as EWTN that state there were only two Popes who were secular Franciscans is inaccurate. She provided the following list of 14 Popes as being accurate:

- Gregory IX (1227-41)
- Blessed Gregory X (1271-76)
- Pope Martin V (1417-31)
- Innocent XII (1691-1700)
- Pius IX (1846-78)
- Pius X (1903-14)
- Clement XII (1730-40)
- Blessed Pius IX (1846-78)
- Leo XIII (1878-1903)
- St. Pius X (1903-14)
- Benedict XV (1914-22)
- Pius XI (1922-39)
- Pius XII (1939-58)
- Blessed John XXIII (1958-63)