Q. 1. What is the purpose of the "Chalice?"

A. 1. The "Chalice" in simple English is the wine cup used in the Christian Eucharist.

The word Chalice derives from the Latin word "calix." It originated from the Greek word "kulix" which means a "cup" or "goblet" intended to hold a drink.

The Chalice usually comes with a Paten as seen in the above image on the left. The Chalice and Paten are necessary for the celebration of the Eucharistic Supper (Holy Mass.)

In the Roman Catholic Church, the Chalice is a standing cup used to hold Sacramental wine during the Eucharist (also called the Lord's Supper or Holy Communion). Chalices are often made of precious metal, and they are sometimes richly enamelled and jewelled. The gold goblet was symbolic for family and tradition. (See the graphics above.)

Chalices have been used since the early church. Because of Jesus' command to His disciples to "Do this in remembrance of me." (Luke 22:19), and Paul's account of the Eucharistic rite in 1 Corinthians 11:24-25, the celebration of the Eucharist became central to the Christian Liturgy. Naturally, the vessels used in this important act of worship were highly decorated and treated with great respect. A number of early examples of Chalices have a large bowl and two handles. Over time, the size of the bowl diminished and the base became larger for better stability. Later on, official church regulations dictated the construction, blessing, and treatment of Chalices. Some religious traditions still require that the Chalice, at least on the inside of the cup, to be gold-plated.

Only wine, water and a portion of the Consecrated Host are permitted to be placed in the Chalice, and it may not be used for any profane purpose.

The Chalice is considered to be one of the most Sacred vessels in Christian liturgical worship, and it is often blessed before use. In the Roman Catholic Church, it was the custom for a Chalice to be consecrated by being anointed with chrism, and this consecration could only be performed by a Bishop or abbot (only for use within his own monastery).

[Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalice]